Detailed Product Description
| Product Name: |
Ammonium Polyphosphate |
Chemical Name: |
Ammonium Polyphosphate |
| CAS No.: |
68333-79-9 |
Formula: |
[NH4 PO3]n |
| Synonyms: |
APP ; Ammonium Polyphosphate Fire Retardant |
Appearance: |
White powder |
| High Light: |
inorganic flame retardants, Fire Retardant Powder |
CAS 68333-79-9 Ammonium Polyphosphate Fire Retardant APP II Additive
Description:
Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching. Its chemical formula is [NH4 PO3]n showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize. In the branched cases some monomers are missing the ammonium anion and instead link to three other monomers.
Categories:
Inorganic Chemical; Essential Organics; Flame retardant; Inorganic Additive Fire Retardant Chemical
Specifications:
|
Appearance
|
White Powder
|
|
P2O5 %
|
71.0 Min.
|
|
N %
|
14 Min.
|
| Moisture % |
0.25 Max. |
| PH Value (100g/L) |
5.5 - 7.5 |
| Average particle size, D50 (um) |
20 Max. |
| Solubility (g/100mLH20) |
1 Max. |
| Viscosity (10%suspension,25°C)mPa.s |
100 Max. |
Applications:
Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is used as a flame retardant in many applications such as paints and coatings, and in a variety of polymers: the most important ones are polyolefins, and particularly polypropylene, where APP is part of intumescent systems.
Compounding with APP-based flame retardants in polypropylene is described in. Further applications are thermosets, where APP is used in unsaturated polyesters and gel coats (APP blends with synergists), epoxies and polyurethane castings (intumescent systems).
APP is also applied to flame retard polyurethane foams.
Ammonium polyphosphates commercially used as flame retardants in polymers have long chains and a specific crystallinity (Form II). They start to decompose at 240 °C to form ammonia and phosphoric acid.
The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood.
The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters.
The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst.
In the gas phase, the release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the oxygen of the air and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning.
In the condensed phase, the resultant carbonaceous char helps to shield the underlying polymer from attack by oxygen and radiant heat.
Use as an intumescent is achieved when combined with starch-based materials such as pentaerythritol and melamine as expanding agent.
Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a food additive, emulsifier, and as a fertilizer.
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